Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) — heart as endocrine gland
The heart produces atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), discovered by Adolfo de Bold at the University of Ottawa in 1981. When atrial chambers stretch due to increased blood volume or pressure, mechanoreceptors in the atrial wall trigger atrial myocytes to release ANP, which tells kidneys to dump sodium and water, reducing blood volume and normalizing pressure through hormonal feedback.